Imputation to Single Tier System free essay sample

There are several advantages and disadvantages of the single tier dividend system over the imputation system. The first and main advantage of this system is the ‘complete free flow in the channeling of profits of the company to the shareholders as exempt dividends’ (Choong, 2008). This is to say that as long as there are profits made by the company, it is allowed to frank the said profits as dividends to its shareholders without any limitations. Under the imputation system, the company was allowed to pay dividends only to the extent of its Section 108 credits. Capital gains are not taxable in Malaysia; consequently the gains do not create tax credits. ‘With the abolition of the imputation system, capital gains may now be distributed to shareholders without first ensuring the company has paid sufficient income tax’ (Koh, 2007). Essentially this means the company may distribute more dividends to their shareholders. Second advantage is it reduces the administrative costs for the tax authorities because there is no longer any need to oversee the Section 108 credit accounts of the various companies. We will write a custom essay sample on Imputation to Single Tier System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They also do not need to handle any claims for repayable tax by shareholders who have surplus tax credits over their tax liability. This will allow the authorities to concentrate on other important tax issues such as tax auditing. Thirdly, the single tier system supplements the group relief provisions. ‘Beginning Year of Assessment 2006, tax losses may be utilised to set-off against the aggregate income of another company within the same group provided stipulated conditions are met’ (PricewaterhouseCoopers. 2008). If the conditions are met, the company that is making losses can transfer up to 50% of its losses to the company that is has an aggregate income. Nonetheless, here are a few disadvantages with the single tier system as well. Firstly is that those who are of the lower income group, and is subject to tax at a rate lower than the current corporate rate, will no longer be able to claim any tax refund. ‘Furthermore, tax exempt bodies which may include non-profit organizations will also lose the right to tax refunds’ (Koh, 2007). Also affected by this are Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Under the single tier system, there is no longer any Section 110 relief and therefore no tax repayable to the shareholder. Furthermore, interest expense is normally incurred to obtain shares is not taken into account in the single tier system. This is due to the fact that dividend income is now tax exempt. Under the imputation system, interest expense is deducted against gross dividend in Section 4(c) of the Act to get to statutory income. Consequently, the tax credit on dividend income will be more than the tax payable on dividend income, resulting in cash refund. In the single tier system, interest expense will be a permanent loss.

DBQ essays

DBQ essays By 1860 the Union had grown to over 36 states. Much of the population had moved its center from farmland to large cities. With the invention of the cotton gin the South ushered in a whole new era of profitable slave labor. In Virginia in 1831 and 1832, the legislation defeated numerous gradual emancipation proposals. After this the state and those surrounding it tightened slave codes and strengthened runaway slave laws. In the North the abolitionist voice was growing stronger through men like Frederick Douglas (a former slave) and William Lloyd Garrison as was the voice for women and human rights. Recent religious and cultural revivals changed brought to stage injustices and cruelty towards other human beings. Though these two sections were a union, protected and defined by the constitution, disagreements over this document had begun to create sectional discord and tension. Ultimately this tension and discord led to the failure of the union it had created. The Compromise of 1850 sparked much controversy in the North and the South. With the admittance of California as a free state, the South was no longer equal in the senate. The territories that were taken from Mexico, New Mexico and Utah, were set to have slavery decided through popular sovereignty (see map Document A). Though they were Southerly territories, it was unlikely that they would decide slave for the sole reason that it was not profitable without much fertile land. In the District of Columbia, slave trade was abolished (but not slavery). The only part of the Compromise that benefited the South at all was the Fugitive slave law (Document C). This allowed Southern slave owners to cross state lines to regain their slaves. It also stated that Slaves could not testify against themselves in court or be on trial by a jury. Both of the parts of the law were constitutional but that is where the problem begins. The constitution does not strictly forbid slavery nor does it recogniz. ..

The Impact of Globalisation on BRIC Economises Literature review - 1

The Impact of Globalisation on BRIC Economises - Literature review Example Therefore, BRIC is expected to bring forth changes in the list of the greatest world economies in the near future. On the other hand, BRIC economies are not similar, though they are in the investment classification, whereby others having political and economic alliances, which are from the groups. Nevertheless, among these countries, China has made significant achievement, thereby making them eliminate the need for alliances. BRIC has made a significant effort in conversion of the growing economic influence into a political power, through summits comprising of analysts (The State University of New York, 2011, 1). In this case, the analyst work together in the BRIC countries in order to establish a future economic partnersip in these countries, whereby China will dominate in manufactured goods, provision of services is dominated by India while the field of material supply is dominated by Russia and Brazil (EconomyWatch, 2010, 1). Globalisation has been attributed to the acceleration of international economic integration, which has been unexpected in numerous ways. However, there are expectations that this might contribute to the vulnerability of workers in BRIC economies. There are resenting developments in the world concerning the increased importance of emerging economies, for instance, China has become a large exporter, whereby it has raised its reputation in international production networks entailing off shore business. Therefore, globalisation has enabled these countries to work together in order to counter well-established interests and organizational structures. The relationship between America and Europe has been substantial in facilitating the developments between the BRIC countries. Globalization in BRIC countries that are attributed to integration with the inputs, finished goods and services, which are underscored by increased business transactions in the world trade. In fact, the ratio of trade-to –trade GDP and the shares of

System anylsis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

System anylsis - Assignment Example Case study project Analysis The small businesses should plan and gather facts that will ensure that the business in operated and conducted in a profitable manner (Fertuck, 2009). The existing system is not effective to the business because it does not provide effective and efficient management information. The report being provided by the system is manually prepare and does not provide the owner of the business with reports that will enable the owner to aggregate the data. The information that can be generated can be easily get away and get lost or unauthorized person get it. New system should be developed which will easy the working and safeguard the information as well as safe time to retrieve the information. Business related upgrade The business should upgrade the system to strategies increase marketing, sales, quoting, billing and administration (Keng S., 2010). The system will help the business to prepare the work sheets of the employee and the company to prepare the payroll fo r the employee. System upgrades The business should develop new system to enable the business to operate more effectively and efficiently (Roger C., 2009). The computer system will help the business to achieve the predetermined objectives. ... This defines the management structure, specifies the formal communication structure and the chain of command. This will easy operation of the system since the system processes data required within a very short time and in an orderly manner. Feasibility study The aim of the business is to increase productivity and the performance of the business. This is enhanced by efficient and effective systems that might be employed by the business (Shelly, 2006). The systems should be able to provide effective way of communicating to customers. The system also must provide the payrolls and its less time consuming and the risk over the business is decreased. Recommendations for upgrading The alternative recommendation for upgrading the system is prototyping which is process of building a model of system. The prototypes are employed to help the designers build an information system that is easy to be used and manipulated by the user (Vinod K.G., 2004). This system is important since its reduction d evelopment time and cost, higher user satisfaction and also quantifiable user feedback. User requirement User requirements explain what users require from the system. User requirements specifications are written in the validation process. Functional requirements Functional requirements capture the intended characteristics of the system (Shelly, 2010). This characteristic can be expressed as service, task or functions the system is required to perform. In product development is useful to distinguish between the baseline functionality necessary for any system to compete in that product domain. Nonfunctional requirements Nonfunctional requirements describe system attributes such as maintainability, reliability, security and scalability (Roger

Health and Safety in the Health and Social Care Workplace Essay

Health and Safety in the Health and Social Care Workplace - Essay Example Dilemmas encountered in implementation systems and policies 3.4. Effects of non compliance of legislation 4. Health and Safety policies 4.1. Effects of non compliance of legislation 4.2. Effectiveness of policies that promote a positive health and safety culture 4.3. Evaluation of own contribution 5. Conclusion Health and Safety in the Health and Social Care Workplace 1. Introduction Health and safety of the worker should be guaranteed when they are at work. This paper will talk about how health and safety legislation is implemented at work. It will identify requirements and impacts of policies of health and safety. It will discuss monitoring and review of the health and safety in the hospital workplace. 2. Health and Safety legislation implementation at the work place 2.1. Systems, policies and procedures for communication Neal and Wright (1993, p. 106) note that communication in the work place is virtue in ensuring the goals of the organization are met. This is achieved by using wr itten, verbal and graphic methods of communication. Verbal information is crucial for training, is simple and transfers information fast. Written information is usually in the form of memo, email, posters and reports which are clearly written. Written information is placed on notice board to communicate an important message. Graphics such as drawings, photos and videos are effective massagers of information. The use of safety sign posts is championed by the 1996 Health and Safety regulation. This regulation ensures that signs used are uniform in the entire hospital. The bottom line for such signs is for them to have an effect of illumination and us simple acoustic symbols or hand signals. Visible signs identifying designated rooms and restricted areas are placed in the entire hospital. The names of those in charge of first aid, supervisor on duty and fire assembly point are placed on the notice board for all employees to be aware. Whenever new employees are inducted, they are given information on possible dangers that may arise and how to report the cases. In addition, general safety precaution measures are written and given to employee regularly. This is done after the organization does an assessment risk for the work place. 2.2. Responsibilities in relation to the organization structure The management of the hospital is responsible for ensuring that the working environment is safe in line with the legislation such as RIDOR (Reporting of Incidents Disease and Dangerous Occurrences). According to Hughes and Ferrett (2011, p. 58) the health and safety commission, executive, management and employees have designated duties. The commission comes up with the legislation that the health care institution follows. The facility reports death incidents immediately for the authorities to investigate. The management is mandated with the responsibility of ensuring that the law is followed by the employees by facilitated a good working environment. They take liability insur ance for the organization. They ensure that the facilities are safe for employees and customers. They support practical, safe and healthy work activities. Safety of working equipment and physical premise is also warranted. Moreover, a risk assessment, safety policy and communication of the same are communicated by the management to employees and others using the hospital facilities. A written policy statement on safety is provided. This policy statement assigns diverse

Sources of Population Data

Sources of Population Data Presented by: Shahroz Ullah Badrana 14-10426 Population is described as the entire collection of the people living in our town, state, region or in a country and the respective characteristics such as age, sex, marital status and gender. Population is an entire group regarding whom we are interested in drawing the conclusions. Basically the population data tell us about the number of people that are living or planned to be living in an area and it is also about the all the number of people belonging to different religions and races living in a specified area. Sources of Population data The most important problem that the social scientists are facing now days is the collection of the accurate, reliable and relevant data. Basically, the subject matter of the population geography is so vast so that’s why the population geographers require large variety and amount of data which pertains to all the attributes of the population. Although, the particular data which is being requires by the population geographers is also dependent upon the issue he is working upon. At the micro level the population geographers collect the primary data whereas on the macro level it is far more beyond the level of any individual to collect the data on all the attributes of the population. So is should say that it is very difficult for an individual to collect data for large area that’s why a population geographer always prefer to look for other official sources for the collection of the data. The primary sources of the population data on the population size, characteristics and demographic structure are the census, projections, the registrations, migration reports and the surveys. Whereas, some of the statistics regarding the population can be produced in the form of secondary sources such as statistical abstracts indeed. In the regard of secondary sources for the collection of population data the United Nation Organization itself is the biggest producer of the Population data. Population Census The population census which is regarded as the most important source of basic data for the population data and it is conducted either decennially or quinquenially. A census count offers us a spectrum of the population at a specific point in time covering a vast range of the economic demographic and social attributes of the very population. Ones we have the process of census in our country then it became a continuous process and repeated in the country after every 5 to 10 years. In modern terms the census is defined as a process of collecting, compiling and publishing the economic, social and demographic data pertaining to all the individuals living in a country at any specific point in time. The first ever complete census of population of data has been conducted in 1881 on a uniform basis throughout the India. So that’s why the census of 1881 has provided complete population data and demographic record for any comparable population. Even now days the modern census also faced a series of limitations according to population geographer Zelinsky countries that have low level of technological achievement faced the problems such as ignorance, suspicion and dishonesty have made the task of census very difficult to perform. Even though, these countries also faced the administrative problem of getting funds for conducting the census. Another most important limitation to the census is the frequent boundary modification both at the international as well as at the regional level. As we all know that the censuses always have a specific reference point in time so if we introduce any boundary modifications then it will strict the utility of census data. In those states where the census take place after every 10 year so in that gap of Ten years a remarkable change occurred in the population. So it is suggested that a sample surveys should be conducted in such countries in order to fill the gaps between the two censuses. The Surveys It is very difficult to distinguish between a census and the survey as there is no clear cut differentiation between both of them. Census is described as the complete national canvass of the whole population of the country whereas the canvass of the selected households with an idea of collecting information regarding demographic attributes and socio economic conditions is regarded as survey indeed. In fact, surveys are conducted for supplementing the census data. In the recent tears the surveys has been conducted in order to collect the information regarding the fertility, mortality, mobility, morbidity, under employment, welfare, health, education and unemployment. Such kind of surveys often include attitudinal question regarding the problems of the population. So we could say that the role of surveys is just to provide explanatory information to the population analysis. Both the private organizations and governments are very much engaged in conducting the surveys. The National Samp le Surveys are conducted in the form of rounds and the each round covers several subjects but the emphasis is made on only one of the subject during a specific period. The Registration The practice of the population registration has been very common even before the emergence of the process of regular census. The Far East has a great demographic tradition of the population registration and its major function is to control the population. In this registration process the family is considered as the basic social unit for keeping record of the population. However, such a record keeping phenomena should have yielded a continuous population register but in reality the compilation has been never made or if made then in inaccessible secret archives. Presently, in the modern world many countries have adopted the registration systems in order to keep the record of deaths, births, marriages, adoptions, divorces etc. In some states it is known as population registers for record keeping. Administrative Records: Basically, these are the statistics that are acquired from the different administrative process. These administrative records not only include the vital events that have been recorded in the civil registration system but it also includes the data on employment, deaths, births, education and health etc. well, the reliability of the data obtained from administrative records is dependent upon the completeness with the classifications and concepts that have been used in the census in order to collect population data. Theses administrative records are regarded as the by-products of the administrative records. The administrative data is collected due to the day to day operations of the organizations and there administrative files can be used as a substitute for census and surveys. [1] Miscellaneous Sources: Other then the sources mentioned above the population geographers also make use of migration reports, projections, estimates and linguistic reports. It has been observed that the United Nations is fulfilling the responsibility of collecting vital population data from the member countries. The Estimates are produces in a variety of ways means the estimates are produced from the continuous population registers under the systems of registration. Secondly, these estimates can also be gathered with the help of the sample surveys. Thirdly, we can also compute the estimates by carrying population from the previously made population census. Projections are basically related to the estimates of the population for the future. These projections can be made for the total population of the country or they can be made with respect to marital status, sex and age. Basically, the compilation of the projections at the international level is not as common as we have the compilation of the estimates. I should say that the estimates can also be calculated by taking the population from the previous census by the mathematical extrapolation of the past trends. Basically, the quality of the estimates is dependent on the type of the method used such as the estimates are mostly published in the national reports such as in the national statistical yearbooks. While, the population projections are related to the estimates of the population for the future.[2] Errors in Population Data: Actually, we are dealt with two common types of errors in the statistical data the Non Sampling and the Sampling error. It is very important for a researcher to be fully aware of these errors mentioned earlier most importantly the non sampling errors so these errors can be minimized or even eliminated from the population data collected. Basically, the non sampling errors are the errors that arose while the collection of the data. These kinds of errors exist in both censuses as well as in the sample surveys and they are very difficult to measure. These non sampling errors arose due to the defects in the sampling frame, the failure in identifying the target population the responses given by the respondents and data processing and reporting. If we talk about the defects in the sampling error which means that coverage error has been occurred. Although, there are two very common types of errors that is found in the census are coverage and content errors. These converge errors occur when t here is wrong addition of the units in the sampling frame. These errors are mainly caused by the reasons such as inaccuracy, duplication and old or out of date sampling frames. Then, the failure to identify the target population occurs when the target population is not defined clearly because of the use of the vague concepts. Response may occur from the data that have been recorded, requested and collected in an incorrect way. That data is the result of the inefficiencies in the questioners, the surveys, the respondent and the survey process itself. Now if we talk about the non responsive results in that case the data is not collected from the respondents. The proportion of these non respondents in the very sample is called the non response rate and it can be total or partial indeed. Processing occurs at different stages of the data processing such as the editing, capturing and cleaning of the data. Another error is Time period bias and this error is occurred when the survey or cens us in order to get the population data is performed at inappropriate time so that’s why the correct and appropriate timing of survey is very important. We can minimize these non sampling errors if We tend to use the accurate and up to date sampling frame By selecting an appropriate time for conducting the survey Proper planning for follow up of the non respondents The questioner should be carefully designed Most importantly we need to device such good systems In order to capture the errors that occur during the collection of the population data and that system is regarded as data quality assurance systems. Whereas, on the other hand the Sampling error is about the difference arose between the estimate which has been derived from the sample survey and the original true value that would come as a result of the census of the whole population. These sampling errors arose because the data that have been collected if from some part of it not from the whole population and these sampling errors are only restricted up to the sample surveys. These sampling errors can be measured from the sample data in the form of the probability sampling. The factors that affect most sampling errors are sample size, sampling fraction and the sample design. Biasness is also one of the reasons of the sampling error and such kinds of errors are considered as the systematic errors. We can minimize by applying the sampling techniques within the constraints of the available resources.[3] Most of the time the demographers use the population data in order to analyze and describe the evolution and the structure of the population. Basically, there is two type of data which is most used by the geographers. Basically, the population data comes in many forms and shapes but we classify it two main groups Type of data that provide information on stocks Type of data that provide information on the flows The population data on the on the stocks give us a count of individual members of the population at a specific point in time. Basically, it stocks provide us with snapshot of the population size and its composition. The composition of the population includes age, gender and race. The data available on flows provide us with information on the exits and entries of population between the two specific points in time and such kind of information comes from the vital registration system which is one of the most important sources of the population data. Bibliography BOOKS: DR Chandra, R.C. Geography of population 2009. 8th edition. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi India. Bergman, Edward. F, Renwick, William. H. Introduction to Geography: People, Places and Environment. 3rd Edition. India. Pearson education, India ISBN 0131445456 Prof Qazi, S.A, Navid Shabir Qazi. Population Geography. APH Publishers. New Delhi India. Weeks, John R. an introduction to concepts and Issues. Ninth edition. Wadsworth publishers. United States ISBN O-534-62779-X URLS Data collection and Sampling. Assessed on 29 April, 2014. https://www.utdallas.edu/~scniu/OPRE-6301/documents/Data_Collection_and_Sampling.pdf> Qualtrics. 5 common errors in the research process. Published on June 21, 2012. Assessed on 29 April, 2014. http://www.qualtrics.com/blog/5-common-errors-in-the-research-process/> Statistic Canada. Sampling error. Data modified on 23 July, 2013. Data assessed on 30 April, 2014. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/edu/power-pouvoir/ch6/sampling-echantillonage/5214807-eng.htm> Suharto, Sam. Complementary sources of demographic and social statistics. Published on 10 August, 2001. Department of Economics and Social affairs United Nations secretariat. Assessed on 30 April, 2014. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demog/docs/symposium_03.htm> [1] Suharto, Sam. Complementary sources of demographic and social statistics. [2] DR Chandra, R.C. Geography of population 2009. 8th edition. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi India. [3] Weeks, John R. an introduction to concepts and Issues. Ninth edition. Wadsworth publishers. United States ISBN O-534-62779-X

Julius Caesar :: essays research papers fc

Julius Caesar   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Themes play an integral role in the play Julius Caesar. The actions and the way that the characters express themselves define the themes in the play. The play is not comprised of one or two themes, but rather made up of an innumerable amount of them. A major theme in the play is fate. Fate is found from the smallest instance such as a dream to the prediction from a soothsayer. Another theme that is prevalent in the play is betrayal. Julius Caesar is betrayed along with many other people. Love is another theme that appears many times throughout the play. The love that is demonstrated in this play ranges from love between a husband and wife to the love for a country. Trust is another common theme in this play. Many characters in this play have trust in each other. They trust each other with their lives resulting in the death of many people. Loyalty is the final theme that is evident in this play. There are people who are loyal, and then there are people who are not loyal. The actions that these different characters make create a multitude of themes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theme that stands out the most in this play is fate. There is no doubt that there is divine intervention in this play. The destiny of many of the characters in this play have been prearranged because there are so many predictions or visions of the future that actually come true. For example, the soothsayer predicted that Julius Caesar was going to die on the Ides of March. (I. ii ll. 11-20) He did not make this prediction after he heard that Caesar was going to be assassinated, or the night before when everyone knew that he was going to die. He made this prediction many months in advance. The soothsayer knew that Caesar was going to die, because it was Caesar’s fate to die on the Ides of March. It has been predetermined that it was Caesar’s time to go on the Ides of March. Another instance of fate relating to the death of Caesar was the night before he died. His wife had an awful dream predicting that her husband was going to die in the house of the Senate the next day. Although Calpurnia told her husband of this, he chose to ignore resulting in his assassination. This is a strong example of fate because frequently throughout time people see the future in dreams.